1. Overview and Context of Acts 13-15

• Review Acts 13-14. What key events have led up to the gathering in Acts 15?
• What are some recurring themes in these chapters?
• Why do you think it matters that the focus remains on mission and the conflicts that arise during that mission?

   2. The Controversy over Salvation and Circumcision (Acts 15:1-4)

• Read Acts 15:1-4. Why would the claim that “you must be circumcised to be saved” cause such a strong reaction in Antioch?
• Circumcision was mainly a sign of Jewish identity and a step towards becoming part of God’s people. At this time, Jews enjoyed protection from the Roman Empire, which allowed them to worship in their way as long as it aligned with Caesar’s rule.
• Why is this historical and political context significant? How does it connect to the controversy over circumcision and the mission to the Gentiles?

  3. The Argument for Unity and Salvation (Acts 15:6-12)

• Read Acts 15:6-12. What is the main argument regarding salvation through Jesus versus circumcision?
• How does the coming of the Holy Spirit to the Gentiles serve as evidence that they are truly saved?
• Why does the presence of the Holy Spirit also signify their calling to participate in the mission?

   4. The Decision and Its Implications (Acts 15:13-21)

• Read Acts 15:13-21. Why does this speech by James end the debate? How does this highlight the importance of the Scriptures?
• Why is it significant that James not only declares that circumcision isn’t necessary but also calls believers to live in a way that reflects their faith?
• Consider the potential consequences: How might this decision have led to ongoing opposition and challenges for the church?
• How does the process by which the church arrived at this decision demonstrate the priority of their mission—to point to Jesus—over avoiding conflict?

    5. Application and Reflection

• How does the church’s approach challenge us today?
• In what ways does this challenge you when you see this text both say: Jesus welcomes all, and all are called to live distinctly for him? 
• In what ways do you struggle to faithfully follow this call?
• How can your community or church support you in holding firmly to Jesus as your identity, and living out that identity with integrity and purpose?